LESSON
NO 3
THE
MAKING OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE
1.
So far, we have studied that a
Simple Sentence must have a Subject and Verb at least. It may have an
object OR complement, but the insertion of the object or the
complement depends on the condition of the verb.
2.
The subject of a sentence usually
comes first, but occasionally it is put after the predicate. This practice is
followed in poetic language generally, and very rarely in prose.
a.
Down went the ship. (The words ‘down went’ denote the predicate and
the words ‘the ship’ form the subject.)
3.
In imperative sentences (the
sentences of command and request) the subject is left out:
a.
Sit down. (Here the subject you is understood)
b.
Pay him some money. (Here too the subject you is
understood.)
c.
Thank you. (I is the 'subject')
4.
So far, we have become aware
of the framework of the Subject and the Predicate. Thus, identifying the
Subject of any sentence is the most vital part of forming a sentence. For
identifying the subject, we should understand the names of things
(Subject) in our own language so that we can use them as the
subject of our sentences.
5.
Given below is a list of basic
things. Some of these things are general and some of the things mentioned after
the general things have pictures.
6.
Things have qualities. We gave
names to those qualities. There are the opposites of the qualities. These
opposites too have names. There is a list of the names of the qualities and the
opposites of some qualities.
7.
hereafter, we have operating words
(verbs, adverbs, etc.) for stating something about a thing which may have some
quality or which may be without any quality. We gave names to these “operating
words” also. There is a list of these words also.
The lists of the things, qualities, the
opposites of the qualities, and the operating words are given below.
These elements are the most indispensable determinants in THE MAKING OF A
SIMPLE SENTENCE. With some grounding in these elements, you can write your
won sentences which will express your own thoughts and not of others. The
sentences will not be the memorized ones:
THINGS:
GENERAL:
account,
act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement,
animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention,
attraction, authority, back, balance, base, behaviour, belief, birth, bit,
bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building, burn, burst,
business, butter, canvas, care, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal,
color, comfort, committee, company, comparison, competition, condition,
connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover,
crack, credit, crime, crush, cry ,current, curve, damage, danger, daughter,
day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail,
development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust,
distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge,
education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion,
experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field,
fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front,
fruit, glass, gold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide,
harbour, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humour,
ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance,
interest, invention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss,
knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level,
lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man,
manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, metal,
middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning ,mother, motion,
mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise, note, number,
observation, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organization, ornament,
owner, page, pain, paint, paper, part, paste, payment, peace, person, place,
plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, powder, power,
price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull,
punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction,
reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request,
respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule, run,
salt, sand, scale, science, sea, seat, secretary, selection, self, sense,
servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister,
size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap,
society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, statement, steam,
steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar,
suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax,
teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought, thunder, time, tin, top,
touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse,
vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather,
week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, wool, word, work, wound, writing
, year .
apple, arm,
army, baby, bag, ball, band, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, bird,
blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch,
brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, cart, carriage,
cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar,
comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop,
ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly,
foot, fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand,
hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle,
key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match,
monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office,
orange, oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate,
plough/plow, pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod,
roof, root, sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt,
shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp,
star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail,
thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree,
trousers, umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire,
worm.
THINGS
THAT HAVE PICTURES:
apple, arm,
army, baby, bag, ball, band, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, bird,
blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch,
brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, cart, carriage,
cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar,
comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop,
ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot,
fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat,
head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key,
knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey,
moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange,
oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate, plough/plow,
pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root,
sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin,
skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station,
stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail, thread,
throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, trousers,
umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire, worm.
Things
have qualities. We should know the names of the words denoting the qualities of
the things. Given below is the list of those names that tell qualities:
QUALITIES
- 100 GENERAL
angry,
automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical,
chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, deep, dependent,
early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free,
frequent, full, general, good, great, grey, hanging, happy, hard, healthy,
high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material,
medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past,
physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet,
ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate,
serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall,
thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow,
young.
QUALITIES (Opposite)
- 50
awake,
bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear,
delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble, female, foolish, green, ill,
last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public,
rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid,
special, strange, thin, white
OPERATING
WORDS: THE ARTICLES (a, an, the ), VERBS, ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, AND
CONJUNCTIONS: These words are called operative words because they
are used for joining or modifying sentences that are made with the
help of things (noun) and qualities (adjectives)
________________________________________________________________________________
come, get,
give, go, keep, let, make, put, see, take, be, have, say, seen,
send, may, will, about, across, after , against, among,
before, between, by, down, from, in, off , on, over, through, to , let,
with, as, for, of, till, then, the all, any, every, no, some, such,
that, this ,he, you, who ,and, because, but, if, though, while,
how, when, where, why, again, ever, here, near,now, out, still, then, these,
together, far ,well , almost, enough, even little, much, not, only,
quite, so, very ,north ,south ,east, west, please, yes, do ,at
,under
_____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE
NO.6
Question No. 1:
Choose any ten words from the topic ‘THINGS’ and use each word as
the subject of a sentence.
Examples: 1.
1. Your account is
correct. (Noun as the subject of a sentence.)
2. This act will
bring trouble to
you. -do-
3. This addition is
wrong. -do-
Question No. 2.
From the same section choose any ten words, and use each word in a
sentence as the direct object of the verb.
Examples: 1.
1. I
checked your account yesterday. (Noun as the object of a
sentence.)
2. They
will observe every act carefully. ( -do- )
3. I
appreciate this new addition to our
house. ( -do- )
Question No. 3:
Choose any ten words from the topic (QUALITIES –
100 General), and then use each word out of those ten words in a
sentence as the complement of a verb of incomplete predication.
Examples: 1.
1. Ravi
is angry. (Adjective as a complement of the verb ‘is’)
2. This
machine is automatic. -do-
3. The
hills of this region are beautiful. -do-
Question No. 4:
Choose any five nouns from 400 General Words and then write five
sentences by using each noun in as a complement of the verb of incomplete
predication.
Examples:
1. This
paper is an account of our success. (noun as complement
followed by an adj. phrase that becomes a part of the noun.)
2. Cheating
is an immoral act. (Noun as a complement, immoral is
an adjective qualifying the noun.)
3. This
act was an adjustment. (Noun as complement
In this manner, we will be able to reduce our own thoughts into
writing. These sentences will not be the memorized ones or the sentences spoken
or written by someone else.
Best of luck. May God bless us all!
No comments:
Post a Comment