25/7/2020---31/7/2020 Important news

August 1 to be as “Muslim Women Rights Day”: Minority Affairs Minister 

Union Minister for Minority Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi on July 31, 2020 said that August 1 will be celebrated as “Muslim Women Rights Day” as it was the day from which the social evil of Triple Talaq was made a criminal offence.

Punjab: 21 die after drinking spurious liquor in three districts

21 people died after consuming spurious liquor in three districts of Punjab — Amritsar, Batala and Tarn Taran — since July 29, 2020

Bureaucrat Hardik Shah appointed PM’s new Private Secretary

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has picked a Gujarat cadre Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer Hardik Shah to be his new Private Secretary (PS) in place of Rajiv Topno, who has earlier been appointed as Senior Advisor to the Executive Director of the World Bank in Washington DC.

Gadkari opens refurbished upstream carriageway of Mahatma Gandhi Setu in Bihar

Union Minister for Road Transport, Highways and MSMEs Nitin Gadkari inaugurated the refurbished upstream carriageway of Mahatma Gandhi bridge over river Ganga through video conference in Bihar on July 31, 2020.

Tribal Affairs Ministry wins SKOCH Gold Award for IT-enabled scholarship schemes

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs on July 30, 2020 received SKOCH Gold Award for its “Empowerment of Tribals through IT enabled Scholarship Schemes” project of Scholarship Division of the Ministry. During 2019-20, under 5 Scholarship schemes, about Rs. 2500 Cr were directly transferred to student’s Bank accounts through DBT to approximately 30 lakh students in 31 States and UTs.

15th Finance Commission’s High-Level Group on Agricultural Exports submits report

The High-Level Group (HLEG) on Agricultural Exports set up by the Fifteenth Finance Commission to recommend measurable performance incentives for States to encourage agricultural exports and to promote crops to enable high import substitution, submitted its report to the Commission on July 31, 2020. The report has called for creation of a state led export plan in which the private sector should play an anchor role.

13.92% increase in sowing area coverage of kharif crops till July 31

As on July 31, 2020, Kharif crops have been sown on 882.18 lakh ha area against 774.38 lakh ha area during the corresponding period of 2019,thus, increase in area coverage by 13.92%. The increase was seen in Rice, Pulses, Coarse Cereals, Oilseeds, Sugarcane, Cotton. All Kharif crops except Jute & Mesta saw an increase

✅करेंट अफेयर्स साप्ताहिक एक पंक्ति: Part 1

• यूरोपीय संघ ने कोरोना संकट से निपटने हेतु हाल ही में जितने अरब यूरो का फंड बनाने की घोषणा की है-750 अरब यूरो 

• रिफ्यूजी इंटरनेशनल की एक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार कोरोना महामारी ने दुनिया में जितने लोगों का रहने का ठिकाना छिन लिया है-16 करोड़

• आईसीसी के लार प्रतिबन्ध का उल्लंघन करने वाले पहले क्रिकेटर जो बन गए हैं- डॉम सिब्ले

• आईसीसी टेस्ट रैंकिंग में जेसन होल्डर को पछाड़कर हाल ही में जो नम्बर वन ऑलराउंडर बन गया है- बेन स्टोक्स 

• हाल ही में जिस राज्य सरकार ने 'मुख्यमंत्री घर-घर राशन योजना' शुरू करने का निर्णय लिया है- दिल्ली

• असम सरकार ने घोषणा की कि राज्य में हाल ही में आई बाढ़ में जिस राष्ट्रीय उद्यान के 108 जानवरों की मौत हो गई- काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान

• जम्मू और कश्मीर प्रशासन ने शहरी स्थानीय निकायों और पंचायती राज संस्थाओं के सभी निर्वाचित सदस्यों को जितने लाख रुपये के जीवन बीमा कवर की घोषणा की-25 लाख रुपये 

• वह देश जिसने हाल ही में हांगकांग के साथ अपने प्रत्यर्पण की व्यवस्था को निलंबित कर दिया है- ब्रिटेन

• हाल ही में जिस देश के शोधकर्त्ताओं ने पूर्वी हिंद महासागर में पहली 'सुपरजाएंट' (Supergiant) आइसोपॉड प्रजाति ‘बाथिनोमस रक्सासा’ (Bathynomus Raksasa) की खोज की है- सिंगापुर

• हाल ही में जिस राज्य सरकार ने वाह्य विकास शुल्क और अवसंरचनात्मक विकास शुल्क (Infrastructural Development Charges) की लंबित देयताओं की एकमुश्त वसूली के लिये 'समाधान से               विकास' नामक योजना शुरू की है- हरियाणा 

• मध्यप्रदेश के जिस राज्यपाल का हाल ही में 85 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया- लालजी टंडन

• अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट परिषद (आईसीसी) ने हाल ही में जिस टूर्नामेंट को इस साल स्थगित करने का फैसला लिया है- मेन्स टी-20 वर्ल्ड कप 

• विश्व बैडमिंटन संघ (बीडब्ल्यूएफ) ने अध्यक्ष पद के कार्यकाल को जितने बार के लिए सीमित करने का फैसला लिया है- चार के लिए 

• जिस राज्य सरकार ने अनुसूचित जातियों के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए 'नवीन रोजगार छतरी योजना’ शुरू की है- उत्तर प्रदेश 

• ऊर्जा दक्षता को बढ़ाने और इलेक्ट्रिक मोबिलिटी को बढ़ावा देने हेतु केंद्रीय ऊर्जा मंत्री आर के सिंह ने जिस शहर के चेल्म्सफोर्ड क्लब में भारत के पहले सार्वजनिक ईवी (इलेक्ट्रिक वाहन) चार्जिंग प्लाजा         का उद्घाटन किया- दिल्ली 

• जिस आईआईटी संस्था ने इनक्यूबेटेड स्टार्टअप के साथ मिलकर एक पोर्टेबल हॉस्पिटल यूनिट तैयार किया है- आईआईटी मद्रास 

• हाल ही में जिस राज्य सरकार ने 'Waste to Energy' नामक एक पहल के तहत राज्य में उत्पन्न कचरे से बिजली बनाने का फैसला किया है- उत्तराखंड 

• वह राज्य जो साल 2022 तक प्राकृतिक तरीके से खेती करने वाला देश का पहला राज्य बनेगा- हिमाचल प्रदेश 

• भारत और जिस देश ने साइबर हमलों से निपटने में सहयोग बढ़ाने के लिए एक समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए हैं- इजरायल 

• फीफा ने घोषणा की कि 2022 विश्व कप जिस देश में आयोजित किया जायेगा- कतर 

• प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी के सोशल साईट ट्विटर पर 6 करोड़ फॉलोवर के साथ जिस स्थान पर पहुँच गए हैं- तीसरे 

• यूएई ने जापानी स्पेस सेंटर से हाल ही में जिस मिशन को लॉन्च किया है- होप मार्स मिशन 

• अंतरराष्ट्री य शतरंज दिवस जिस दिन मनाया जाता है-20 जुलाई 

• भारत की सबसे अमीर महिला रोशनी नाडर को हाल ही में जिसका चेयरपर्सन चुना गया है- एचसीएल टेक 

• उद्योग मंडल फिक्की की एक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार भारत में कोरोना संकट के कारण जितने प्रतिशत नौकरियां घटने के आसार हैं-20 प्रतिशत

Software Engg Result

26 July 2020 Software Engineering Test Result

S.No.	Name	Marks
1	Rajkumar Gupta	38
2	Sandeep Kumar	36
3	Kirti	35
4	Sonam	35
5	Priya Chaurasia	34
6	Salvi	34
7	Shivani	34
8	Divya	33
9	Nancy	33
10	Sandeep Chauhan	33
11	Yamini Choudhary	33
12	Poonam	32
13	Suruchi Chadha	32
14	Amrik Goswamy	31
15	Neety Yadav	31
16	Akshay Sharma	30
17	Akshaydeep	30
18	Amita Mor	30
19	Poonam Yadav	30
20	Priyanka Soni	30
21	Sonika	30
22	Jyoti Malik	29
23	Manoj Kumar	29
24	Shubham	29
25	Vibhakar	29
26	Ankur Bhardwaj	28
27	Govil	28
28	Surya	28
29	Aarti	27
30	Sadab Khan	27
31	Shekhar	27
32	Alka Sharma	26
33	Hemant Kumar Singh	26
34	Karan	26
35	Manu	26
36	Ranjeet	26
37	Sachin	26
38	Varsha	26
39	Vijay Kushawah	26
40	Renu Yadav	25
41	Sushmita	25
42	Umesh Maithil	25
43	Divya Mishra	24
44	Pritam Kumari	24
45	Rajiv Yadav	23
46	Anil Yadav	22
47	Khushbu	22
48	Preeti	22
49	Rakesh	22
50	Suman	22
51	Abhay Mishra	21
52	Chandan	21
53	Himanshu	21
54	Yamini Sharma	21
55	Manish Kumar Garg	19
56	Nisha Dagar	19
57	Akanksha Sharma	18
58	Dilip Gupta	18
59	Abhishek Mishra	17
60	Avanish Kumar	17
61	Monika Yadav	16
62	Ritika Pandey	16
63	Sapna Sansanwal	16
64	Rajni	15
65	Sana Shaikh	15
66	Sandhya	15
67	Vipin	14
68	Aman	13
69	Amit Sharma	13
70	Nitya Nand Mall	13
71	Rahul Prtap Singh	12
72	Vibha Sharma	12
73	Ishant Jain	9
74	Rohit Singh	9
75	Jyoti Antil	8
76	Rashmi	7

Kargil War: Know the History of Kargil War (PART 1)

Kargil War or Kargil conflict happened between May and July 1999 within the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir. The war signifies an armed conflict between India and Pakistan. What was Kargil War 1999 was all about? What were the military and diplomatic challenges? Why the war took place? What is the history behind the Kargil War? Let us have a look!

Kargil War: 

26 July is observed as Kargil Vijay Diwas annually to commemorate the sacrifices made by the soldiers in the Kargil War. No doubt the war represents an example of high altitude warfare in mountainous terrain and constitutes significant logistical problems for the counter sides. 'Operation Vijay' an Indian Army mission achieved ultimate success for India and the Air Force called the mission as 'Operation Safed Sagar'.

Kargil War 1999: Conflict

The Kargil War took place in 1999 between 8 May, when Pakistani forces and Kashmiri militants were detected at top of the Kargil ridges. It is believed that Pakistan was planning for the operation by early as the autumn of 1998.

There were three major phases in the Kargil War: First, in the Indian-controlled section of Kashmir, Pakistan captured various strategic high points. Second, India responded by first capturing strategic transportation routes and third military pushing Pakistani forces back across the Line of Control.

Indian Forces were prepared by 30 June, 1999 for a major high-altitude offensive against Pakistani posts along the border in the disputed Kashmir region. Over the period of the previous six weeks, India had moved 5 infantry divisions, 5 independent brigades, and 44 battalions of paramilitary troops in Kashmir. Around 730,000 total Indian troop strength had reached in the region. Also, the build-up included the deployment of around 60 frontline aircraft.

Occupation by Pakistan

After February Lahore Summit 1999 that took place between Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and the Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the Pakistani effort to take Kargil occurred. It was believed that this conference has de-escalated the tensions that had existed since May 1998. The main objective behind the operation was to help in internationalising the issue of Kashmir and for which global attention had been flagging for some time. It is said that the plan of intrusion was the brainchild of Pakistani's Chief of Army Staff Gen Pervez Musharraf and Lt. Gen Mohammed Aziz, the Chief of General Staff. Only an 'in principle' concurrence they obtained, without any specifics, from Nawaz Sharif, the Pakistani Prime Minister.

The main objective of the Pakistani military for carrying out the intrusions was to rely on the exploitation of the large gaps that exist in the defences in the sector both on the Indian and Pakistani sides of the Line of Control (LoC).

Let us tell you that the terrain over there was extremely rugged with very few tracks leading from the main roads towards the LoC. And during, winter the area covered with snow due to heavy snowfall which makes movement almost impossible. The only mountain pass that was connecting the Kargil area to the Kashmir Valley, Zoji La, basically opens by the end of May or beginning of June. Therefore, moving reinforcements by surface via Srinagar would not have been possible till then. One more thing is that Pakistan Army calculated that even if the intrusions were discovered by the Indian's in early May, as they were, the action of the Indian Army would be slow and limited which provides more time and allow then to consolidate the intrusions more effectively.

Therefore, in early May only Zoji La was opened for the induction of troops. If the action of intruding were effective then it would allow Pakistani troops to secure some dominating heights from where the Srinagar-Leh National Highway 1A might be prohibited at a variety of places. And the intrusions would draw in and tie down the Indian Army reserves. Also, the intrusions have provided Pakistan control over substantial tracts of strategic acreage across the LoC, thereby allowing Islamabad to negotiate from strength position. And they decisively alter the status of the LoC.

Apart from keeping the plan top secret, the Pakistan Army also undertook certain steps to take care of a component of surprise and maximise deception. No new administrative bases for the intrusions were to be created, instead, they were to be catered for from those already within the existing defences. Along the ridgelines, there were the logistic lines of communication and therefore the nullahs were far away from the tracks, positions of the Indian Army troops were already in position.

After the finalisation, the plan was put into action towards the end of April. The main groups were broken into a number of smaller subgroups of 30 to 40 each for carrying out multiple intrusions along the ridgelines and occupy dominating heights.

The Pakistani army was hoping and trying to gain the upper hand in Kashmir and plunging the Indian subcontinent in brief and limited war and raising the specter of nuclear war.

Indian Army detected intruders

Intruders are detected by Indian Army Patrols atop Kargil ridges during the period 8-15 May, 1999. The infiltration pattern clearly entrenched the participation of trained Mujahideen and Pakistani Army regulars in these operations in areas east of Batalik and north of Dras.

In general areas of Kargil and Dras, Pakistan resorted to artillery firing from across the border. Some operations were launched by the Indian army which succeeded in cutting off the infiltrators in Drass sector. Also, the infiltrators were pushed back in Batalik sector.

On the heights, the intruders were both professional soldiers and mercenaries including the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 12th battalions of the Pakistan Army's Northern Light Infantry (NLI). Among them, there were the members of Pakistan's Special Services Group (SSG) and several Mujaheddin. Initially, it was estimated that there were about 500 to 1000 intruders were there occupying the heights but later it was estimated that the actual strength may have been around 5000. The intrusion area extended in an area of 160 Km. In fact, the Army of Pakistan had set up a complex logistical network so that the intruders across the LoC would be well supplied from the bases in POK. Intruders were well armed with AK 47 and 56 mortars, artillery, anti-aircraft guns, and Stinger missiles.

India & S.African Customs Union revived initiative for Preferential Trade Agreement via virtual meet

A virtual meeting between India and Southern African Customs Union (SACU), consisting of South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, have been revived to achieve a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) and to discuss its various aspects. 

• The Indian side was led by Srikar Reddy, Joint Secretary, Department of Commerce while SACU was led by Amb. Steve Katjiuanjo, Executive Director, Ministry of Industrialization,Trade and SME (small and medium enterprises) Development of Namibia.

Key Points:
-In 2019-20, trade between India and Africa as a whole stood at $ 66.7 billion, of which the India-SACU trade was $ 10.9 billion which can expanded further.
-Imports from South Africa to India include gold, steam coal, copper ores & concentrates, phosphoric acid, manganese ore, aluminium ingots & other minerals. 
-Exports from India to South Africa include vehicles and components thereof, transport equipment, drugs and pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, footwear, dyes and intermediates, chemicals, textiles, rice, gems and jewellery, etc.
About Southern African Customs Union (SACU):
It is a customs union among five countries of Southern Africa
Headquarter– Windhoek, Namibia
Executive Secretary– Paulina Mbala Elago
Recent Related News:
On May 11, 2020, A team of astronomers from the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), the (US) National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), the University of Pretoria, and Rhodes University(Both in South Africa), have used the MeerKAT telescope to solve a longstanding puzzle in ‘X’-shaped radio galaxies.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

India, Maldives inked agreement for establishment of ‘Emergency Medical Services Unit’ in Malei.On July 20, 2020, the Government of India (GoI) has signed an agreement with Ministry of Health of Maldives for the establishment of ‘Emergency Medical Services Unit’ at Baa Atoll Dharavandhoo Hospital in Male.  

ii.The project would cost MVR (Maldivian rufiyaa) 8.5 million (Approximately Rs 4,14,58,782) out of which MVR 7.5 million (Approximately Rs 3,64,03,786) is grant from India. It will be constructed by LF Construction Pvt Ltd of Maldives.
iii.The agreement signing ceremony was held at Maldives’ Ministry of Health which was attended by Minister of Health Abdulla Ameen, Foreign Secretary Abdul Ghafoor Mohamed, High Commissioner of India to the Maldives Sunjay Sudir, and other officials from the Government, and the High Commission of India in Male.
About Maldives:
President– Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Capital- Male

What News Say's

India distances itself from Pakistan’s move to appoint a lawyer for Kulbhushan Jadhav

• India has distanced itself from Pakistan’s move of approaching the Islamabad High Court to appoint a lawyer for Kulbhushan Jhadav to review his death sentence by a military court. 
• Pakistan reportedly approached the Islamabad High court without the consent of the Indian mission in Islamabad. India views the move as another attempt to create a smokescreen of review and reconsideration of Jadhav’s death sentence.
• India has demanded to have a lawyer from outside Pakistan to represent Jadhav in his case. Pakistan has reportedly not agreed to India’s demand. It has though extended the deadline for India to file a review petition in the case.
• As per Pakistan’s May 20 ordinance, the review petition against Jadhav’s death sentence had to be filed within 60 days of the promulgation of the ordinance. India is seeking to get unconditional access to Jadhav.

Chandigarh to introduce ambulances to treat sick trees

• Chandigarh Environment Department has decided to launch ambulances for the treatment of sick trees in the Union Territory. 
• The announcement was made by Debendra Dalai, Director of Environment Department, who said that this will be an emergency service to treat trees affected by termites & other insects.
• Dalai also stated that the Department will be issuing a dedicated phone number where people can inform the department if they come across any such sick tree. The department will then send experts for the treatment of the tree.

By-elections deferred in 8 constituencies due to COVID-19 pandemic, flood

• The Election Commission of India (ECI) has decided to defer by-elections in eight constituencies up to September 7, 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and flood situation. 
• The EC informed that the elections will be held as soon as the situation becomes conducive. The eight constituencies include one in Bihar (1 Valmiki Nagar PC), Assam (108, Sibsagar AC), Tamil Nadu (10-Thiruvottiyur, AC and 46, Gudiyattam (SC) AC), Madhya Pradesh (166, Agar, (SC) AC), Uttar Pradesh (65, Bulandhahr AC and 95, Tundla AC) and Kerala (117, Chavara AC).
• As per the constitution provision, the vacancies are required to be filled through by-election within six months from the date of occurrence of vacancies provided that the remainder of the term in relation to the vacancy is one year or more.

3rd G20 FMCBG Meeting

Why in News

Recently India has virtually participated in the 3rd G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (FMCBG) meeting under the Presidency of Saudi Arabia.

• It discussed the global economic outlook amid evolving Covid-19 pandemic crisis along with other G20 finance track priorities for the year 2020.
• The First meeting was held in February 2020 at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Key Points

• G20 Action Plan: The importance and relevance of the G20 action plan was highlighted.

It was endorsed in response to Covid-19 in April 2020.

It has a list of collective commitments under the pillars of Health Response, Economic Response, Strong and Sustainable Recovery and International Financial Coordination, aimed at coordinating G20 efforts to fight the pandemic.

• India's Response:
  
  • India emphasised the need to balance supply side and demand side measures in response to Covid-19.
  • It also spoke about the procyclicality of credit rating downgrades by the rating agencies and its deterrent impact on policy options, particularly for Emerging Market Economy (EMEs).
    
    • Procyclic ratings are stricter during an economic downturn than an expansion. As a result, firms receive overly pessimistic ratings in a recession, relative to during an expansion.
  • International coordination required in addressing the spill-over effects of exit strategies related to covid-19 lockdowns.
    
    • Spillover effect refers to the impact of unrelated events in one nation on the economies of other nations.
• G20 Finance Track deliverables: FMCBG discussed the developments on G20 Finance Track deliverables under the Saudi Arabian Presidency. India discussed two such deliverables:
  
  • First, Enhancing access to opportunities for Women, Youth and Small Market Economies (SMEs) and a menu of policy options on access to opportunity.
  • Second, International Taxation agenda and the intended deliverable of formulating a solution for addressing challenges related to digital taxation.
  • India said that the consensus based solution should be simple, inclusive and based on a robust economic impact assessment.
  • It is in line with the recent decision of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to initiate an investigation into taxes adopted or under consideration by 10 nations, including India, on revenues of American digital service companies like Netflix, Airbnb etc.
    
    • Digital taxation or Digital Services Taxes (DSTs) are the adopted taxes on revenues that certain companies generate from providing certain digital services. E.g. digital multinationals like Google, Amazon and Apple etc.
  • In response to it the central government has stated that it will not extend the deadline for payment of equalisation levy by non-resident e-commerce players, even though a majority of them are yet to deposit the first installment of the tax.
    
    • The equalization levy is aimed at taxing foreign companies which have a significant local client base in India but are billing them through their offshore units, effectively escaping the country’s tax system.